As a child grows up, his tone weakens and allows him to start moving actively. He begins to move his arms, legs, take items, raise his head. It is important that the tone changes correctly and simultaneously in all muscles. If, for example, the upper limbs are tensed for a long time, it will be more difficult for the child to use them, and he will develop the relevant skills later. Long hypertonicity of the lower limbs can cause problems with the development of walking skill.
By about 3-4 months of age baby’s muscle tone is high, then it starts declining - first in the flexor muscles (arms and legs straighten at this time), and by 5-6 months of age all the muscles relax and the child is able to perform more complex movements – to sit down, to get up and walk. By 18 months of age the child's muscle tone becomes the same as in adults. If the child falls behind at the development, disorders of muscle tone could be a reason.
What are the reasons for tone disorders?
The vast majority of tone disorders are the result of trauma and hypoxia during labor. Most often the baby’s head and cervical spine are injured that causes the nervous system malfunctions: in the cortex and subcortical structures. Trauma can occur during rapid and tumultuous labor, as a result of obstetricians’ unqualified actions; performance of Kristeller maneuver (pressure on the abdomen during childbirth); after induction of labor with oxytocin; use of vacuum and forceps.
Prolonged oxygen deprivation during delivery also results in the nervous system damage and, primarily, cortex. The more severe trauma or the longer hypoxia lasted, the more severe problems a newborn will have.
Read more >> http://bebezclub.com/2-month-old-baby-muscle-tone-and-its-disorders/
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